See bʰerH- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bʰerH- meaning in All languages combined (15.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-dʰ-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρθω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέρθω (pérthō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέρθω (pérthō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorH-(e)-ti (o-grade root present?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bárˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bárˀtei\nLatvian: bãrt\nLithuanian: bárti\nProto-Slavic: *bòrti (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bárˀtei\nLatvian: bãrt\nLithuanian: bárti\nProto-Slavic: *bòrti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with synchronic laryngeal deletion as in <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*wéryeti</i>"
},
"expansion": "(with synchronic laryngeal deletion as in *wéryeti)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "feriō"
},
"expansion": "Latin feriō",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"text": "*bʰér-ye-ti (with synchronic laryngeal deletion as in *wéryeti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*berja",
"t": "to strike > to fall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *berja (“to strike > to fall”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *berja (“to strike > to fall”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bie",
"3": "bjerr",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bie, bjej, bjerr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bie, bjej, bjerr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*ferjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *ferjō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *ferjō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "feriō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: feriō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: feriō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorH-ye-ti (o-grade ye-present?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*barjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *barjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *barjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorH-eh₂yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*forāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *forāō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰorH-ye-ti</i> above?"
},
"expansion": "(or from *bʰorH-ye-ti above?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *forāō (or from *bʰorH-ye-ti above?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "forō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: forō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: forō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-ano-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բերան",
"gloss": "mouth"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բերան (beran, “mouth”)\nArmenian: բերան (beran)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բերան (beran, “mouth”)\nArmenian: բերան (beran)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorH-ni-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*barˀnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *barˀnis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *barˀnis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥H-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*burō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *burō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *burō > (?) *burōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bora"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bora"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥H-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*burą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *burą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *burą > (?) *burōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bor"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bor"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*bor"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *bor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *bor"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bor"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: bor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: bor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*birjā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *birjā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *birjā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "birë",
"t": "hole, orifice, opening"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: birë (“hole, orifice, opening”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: birë (“hole, orifice, opening”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*brima"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *brima",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *brima"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "brimë",
"t": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: brimë (“hole”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: brimë (“hole”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բիր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բիր (bir)\nArmenian: բիր (bir)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բիր (bir)\nArmenian: բիր (bir)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्वभ्र",
"tr": "śvábhra",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Sanskrit: श्वभ्र (śvábhra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Sanskrit: श्वभ्र (śvábhra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*burˀnāˀ",
"t": "snout",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *burˀnāˀ (“snout”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *burˀnāˀ (“snout”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pierce"
],
"id": "en-bʰerH--ine-pro-root-ezKmEwZC",
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to strike"
],
"id": "en-bʰerH--ine-pro-root-ZBO0~SuA",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰerH-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly",
"2": "alternatively perhaps from *ǵʰwer- (“wild (animal)”)"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, alternatively perhaps from *ǵʰwer- (“wild (animal)”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*bʰérH-ō ~ *bʰr̥H-nés (possibly, alternatively perhaps from *ǵʰwer- (“wild (animal)”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*berô",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *berô (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *berô (“bear”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰerH-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bērˀas",
"t": "bay, reddish brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bērˀas (“bay, reddish brown”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "secondary lengthening"
},
"expansion": "(secondary lengthening)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bērˀas (“bay, reddish brown”) (secondary lengthening)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bėras",
"alt": "bė́ras"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bė́ras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bė́ras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bērs",
"alt": "bȩ̃rs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bȩ̃rs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bȩ̃rs"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*bʰérH-u-s ~ *bʰr̥H-éw-s (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-nó-s"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-nó-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰruH-nó-s (possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-nó-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brūnaz",
"t": "brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brūnaz (“brown”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brūnaz (“brown”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-ró-s"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-ró-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰruH-ró-s (possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-ró-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰruHrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰruHrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰruHrás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰruHrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰruHrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰruHrás"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "*भ्रूर"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: *भ्रूर (bhrūra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: *भ्रूर (bhrūra)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "भूरा",
"t": "brown"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: भूरा (bhūrā, “brown”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: भूरा (bhūrā, “brown”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*buHráh",
"t": "reddish/yellowish-brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *buHráh (“reddish/yellowish-brown”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *buHráh (“reddish/yellowish-brown”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "-",
"t": "yellow"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: (“yellow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: (“yellow”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-dig",
"2": "бор"
},
"expansion": "Digor Ossetian: бор (bor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Digor Ossetian: бор (bor)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "бур"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: бур (bur)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: бур (bur)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"t": "yellow leaf",
"tr": "baurakhä"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (baurakhä, “yellow leaf”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (baurakhä, “yellow leaf”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-",
"t": "blonde",
"ts": "βōr"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: (/βōr/, “blonde”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: (/βōr/, “blonde”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܒܘܪ",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "βwr"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: ܒܘܪ (βwr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: ܒܘܪ (βwr)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"2": "вур",
"t": "brown"
},
"expansion": "Yagnobi: вур (vur, “brown”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yagnobi: вур (vur, “brown”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"2": "وور",
"t": "pale red",
"tr": "vūr"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: وور (vūr, “pale red”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: وور (vūr, “pale red”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "بور",
"t": "bay horse",
"ts": "bōr"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: بور (/bōr/, “bay horse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: بور (/bōr/, “bay horse”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "bor",
"t": "grey"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: bor (“grey”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: bor (“grey”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "reddish-brown, bay horse",
"ts": "bōr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/bōr/, “reddish-brown, bay [horse]”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/bōr/, “reddish-brown, bay [horse]”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "bwl"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwl)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly",
"2": "or perhaps via *bʰé-bʰr̥ ~ *bʰi-bʰr-ós"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, or perhaps via *bʰé-bʰr̥ ~ *bʰi-bʰr-ós)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰé-bʰr-u-s (“beaver”) (possibly, or perhaps via *bʰé-bʰr̥ ~ *bʰi-bʰr-ós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բորենի",
"t": "hyena"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բորենի (boreni, “hyena”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or borrowed from the Iranian cognate"
},
"expansion": "(or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բորենի (boreni, “hyena”) (or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"brown"
],
"id": "en-bʰerH--ine-pro-root-XrZ~n4QJ",
"links": [
[
"brown",
"brown"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bʰerH-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ine-pro:Colors"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-dʰ-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρθω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέρθω (pérthō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέρθω (pérthō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorH-(e)-ti (o-grade root present?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bárˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bárˀtei\nLatvian: bãrt\nLithuanian: bárti\nProto-Slavic: *bòrti (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bárˀtei\nLatvian: bãrt\nLithuanian: bárti\nProto-Slavic: *bòrti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with synchronic laryngeal deletion as in <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*wéryeti</i>"
},
"expansion": "(with synchronic laryngeal deletion as in *wéryeti)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "feriō"
},
"expansion": "Latin feriō",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"text": "*bʰér-ye-ti (with synchronic laryngeal deletion as in *wéryeti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*berja",
"t": "to strike > to fall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *berja (“to strike > to fall”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *berja (“to strike > to fall”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bie",
"3": "bjerr",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bie, bjej, bjerr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bie, bjej, bjerr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*ferjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *ferjō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *ferjō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "feriō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: feriō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: feriō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorH-ye-ti (o-grade ye-present?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*barjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *barjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *barjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorH-eh₂yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*forāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *forāō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰorH-ye-ti</i> above?"
},
"expansion": "(or from *bʰorH-ye-ti above?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *forāō (or from *bʰorH-ye-ti above?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "forō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: forō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: forō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-ano-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բերան",
"gloss": "mouth"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բերան (beran, “mouth”)\nArmenian: բերան (beran)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բերան (beran, “mouth”)\nArmenian: բերան (beran)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorH-ni-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*barˀnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *barˀnis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *barˀnis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥H-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*burō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *burō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *burō > (?) *burōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bora"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bora"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥H-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*burą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *burą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *burą > (?) *burōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bor"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bor"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*bor"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *bor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *bor"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bor"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: bor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: bor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*birjā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *birjā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *birjā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "birë",
"t": "hole, orifice, opening"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: birë (“hole, orifice, opening”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: birë (“hole, orifice, opening”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*brima"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *brima",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *brima"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "brimë",
"t": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: brimë (“hole”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: brimë (“hole”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բիր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բիր (bir)\nArmenian: բիր (bir)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բիր (bir)\nArmenian: բիր (bir)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्वभ्र",
"tr": "śvábhra",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Sanskrit: श्वभ्र (śvábhra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Sanskrit: श्वभ्र (śvábhra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*burˀnāˀ",
"t": "snout",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *burˀnāˀ (“snout”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *burˀnāˀ (“snout”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to pierce"
],
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to strike"
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰerH-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ine-pro:Colors"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly",
"2": "alternatively perhaps from *ǵʰwer- (“wild (animal)”)"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, alternatively perhaps from *ǵʰwer- (“wild (animal)”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*bʰérH-ō ~ *bʰr̥H-nés (possibly, alternatively perhaps from *ǵʰwer- (“wild (animal)”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*berô",
"t": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *berô (“bear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *berô (“bear”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰerH-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bērˀas",
"t": "bay, reddish brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bērˀas (“bay, reddish brown”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "secondary lengthening"
},
"expansion": "(secondary lengthening)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bērˀas (“bay, reddish brown”) (secondary lengthening)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bėras",
"alt": "bė́ras"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bė́ras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bė́ras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bērs",
"alt": "bȩ̃rs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bȩ̃rs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bȩ̃rs"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*bʰérH-u-s ~ *bʰr̥H-éw-s (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-nó-s"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-nó-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰruH-nó-s (possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-nó-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brūnaz",
"t": "brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brūnaz (“brown”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brūnaz (“brown”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-ró-s"
},
"expansion": "(possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-ró-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰruH-ró-s (possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-ró-s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰruHrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰruHrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰruHrás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰruHrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰruHrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰruHrás"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "*भ्रूर"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: *भ्रूर (bhrūra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: *भ्रूर (bhrūra)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "भूरा",
"t": "brown"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: भूरा (bhūrā, “brown”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: भूरा (bhūrā, “brown”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*buHráh",
"t": "reddish/yellowish-brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *buHráh (“reddish/yellowish-brown”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *buHráh (“reddish/yellowish-brown”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "-",
"t": "yellow"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: (“yellow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: (“yellow”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-dig",
"2": "бор"
},
"expansion": "Digor Ossetian: бор (bor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Digor Ossetian: бор (bor)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "бур"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: бур (bur)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: бур (bur)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"t": "yellow leaf",
"tr": "baurakhä"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (baurakhä, “yellow leaf”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (baurakhä, “yellow leaf”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-",
"t": "blonde",
"ts": "βōr"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: (/βōr/, “blonde”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: (/βōr/, “blonde”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܒܘܪ",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "βwr"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: ܒܘܪ (βwr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: ܒܘܪ (βwr)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"2": "вур",
"t": "brown"
},
"expansion": "Yagnobi: вур (vur, “brown”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yagnobi: вур (vur, “brown”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"2": "وور",
"t": "pale red",
"tr": "vūr"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: وور (vūr, “pale red”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: وور (vūr, “pale red”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "بور",
"t": "bay horse",
"ts": "bōr"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: بور (/bōr/, “bay horse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: بور (/bōr/, “bay horse”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "bor",
"t": "grey"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: bor (“grey”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: bor (“grey”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "reddish-brown, bay horse",
"ts": "bōr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/bōr/, “reddish-brown, bay [horse]”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/bōr/, “reddish-brown, bay [horse]”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "bwl"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwl)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly",
"2": "or perhaps via *bʰé-bʰr̥ ~ *bʰi-bʰr-ós"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, or perhaps via *bʰé-bʰr̥ ~ *bʰi-bʰr-ós)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰé-bʰr-u-s (“beaver”) (possibly, or perhaps via *bʰé-bʰr̥ ~ *bʰi-bʰr-ós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բորենի",
"t": "hyena"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բորենի (boreni, “hyena”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or borrowed from the Iranian cognate"
},
"expansion": "(or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բորենի (boreni, “hyena”) (or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"brown"
],
"links": [
[
"brown",
"brown"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bʰerH-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.